Ever been up in the mountains, at the beach, or in a thunderstorm and suddenly felt a huge change in your mood? That’s not just a feeling of awe. It might be negative ions. Negative ions are molecules ...

Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) is a versatile and widely used technique for separating biomolecules based on charge. It plays a critical role in protein purification in research and ...

Ion beam lithography is used to create fine nanostructures on a surface, such as circuit boards. It can be used to directly write on the material, rather than using a photomask, as in photolithography ...

Ionization and coupling are two different sub-disciplines in the field of mass spectrometry. Ambient ionization allows direct, high-throughput, surface study of native samples. And for the study of a ...

Electroanalytical techniques use electrical quantities such as charge, current, or potential and measure their relations with chemical parameters. This field involves studying chemical reaction ...

There are two main types of lithium-containing batteries: lithium-metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. While both rely on lithium for energy storage, they differ significantly in their chemistry ...